Sunday, May 13, 2018

Improvements to our Privacy Policy and Privacy Controls

Google
Updating Our Privacy Policy
This month, we're updating our Privacy Policy to make it easier for you to understand what information we collect and why we collect it. We've also taken steps to improve our Privacy Checkup and other controls we provide to safeguard your data and protect your privacy.
Nothing is changing about your current settings or how your information is processed. Rather, we've improved the way we describe our practices and how we explain the options you have to update, manage, export, and delete your data.
We're making these updates as new data protection regulations come into effect in the European Union, and we're taking the opportunity to make improvements for Google users around the world.
Making our Privacy Policy easier to understand
Simpler structure & clearer language
We've improved the navigation and organization of the policy to make it easier to find what you're looking for. We've also explained our practices in more detail and with clearer language.
New descriptive videos & illustrations
Often a visual description is easier to understand than text alone, so we've added short videos and illustrations throughout the policy.
Embedded privacy controls
We've made it easier to jump to key settings directly from the policy, helping you make choices about your privacy.
The revised policy is available here and will take effect on May 25, 2018.
Improving your privacy controls
Within the past year, we updated My Activity so that you can better access and manage the data in your Google Account. We also launched a redesigned Dashboard, which allows you to easily see an overview of products you're using and your data associated with them.
This month, we've updated our Privacy Checkup with new illustrations and examples to help you make more informed choices about your key privacy controls. And since we understand that your preferences may change over time, the new Privacy Checkup enables you to sign up for regular reminders to check your privacy settings.
To learn more about these and other controls to manage your privacy, visit your Google Account.

Saturday, November 16, 2013

Drug Trial for Chagas Disease Produces Mixed Results

Medindia Health News
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Drug Trial for Chagas Disease Produces Mixed Results
Nov 16th 2013, 11:09


Less than 1% of patients living with Chagas disease currently receive treatment. The new findings fill a long-standing knowledge gap, providing evidence that will help to inform public health policies and help to increase access to treatment now, as well as shaping the direction of future research for new Chagas therapies.

E1224 is a new antifungal compound discovered and manufactured by the Japanese pharmaceutical company Eisai that is being developed as a treatment for Chagas disease with support from the Wellcome Trust. The Phase 2 double-blind, randomized, controlled trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of E1224 at three different dose regimens and was the first study to collect comprehensive clinical data on the current approach to treatment, benznidazole. Both treatments were compared to a placebo control.

A total of 231 adult patients with chronic indeterminate (showing no symptoms) Chagas disease were treated for a maximum of 60 days and evaluated at treatment completion and at several different time points up to a 12-month follow-up assessment. The study took place at two sites (Cochabamba and Tarija) in Bolivia, which have the world's highest incidence of Chagas disease.

At end of treatment, E1224 was found to be safe and efficacious in clearing the Chagas parasite in patients when compared to placebo and to benznidazole. Few patients receiving the highest dose stopped treatment with E1224 due to side effects, less than in the benznidazole group. However, at 12 months after treatment, less than one third of patients treated with E1224 continued to maintain parasite clearance compared with over 80% of patients treated with benznidazole, demonstrating relatively low sustained eradication rates with E1224 in this study.

"In this prospective placebo-controlled study, these mixed results actually have provided very important scientific evidence on new drug development for Chagas disease, which has long been ignored," said Dr Isabela Ribeiro, Head of the Chagas Clinical Programme at DNDi, and the E1224 Project Leader. "We now have clear safety and efficacy data on two compounds that will be very useful in guiding future Chagas disease drug research efforts."

Although E1224 was found to be ineffective as a single-treatment agent (monotherapy), it holds promise for use in combination with existing drugs, since it showed strong positive activity during treatment, with a third of patients having a sustained treatment response at the higher dose. E1224 will no longer be tested as monotherapy for Chagas disease, but DNDi and Eisai are exploring the possibility of testing E1224 in combination therapy with benznidazole

"Eisai remains committed towards the elimination of neglected tropical diseases and hopes to continue collaboration with DNDi in future studies that could determine the role that E1224 may play in the treatment of chronic indeterminate Chagas disease and provide newer and better treatment options for patients suffering from this disease," stated Dr Frederick P. Duncanson, Senior Director of Chief Innovation Officer Group at Eisai Inc., and the E1224 Project Leader at Eisai.

In addition to evaluating E1224, the study was the first to compare the clearance of Chagas parasites (Trypanosoma cruzi) with benznidazole treatment versus placebo in adults with chronic indeterminate Chagas disease. Benznidazole had a rapid and sustained effect, with significant drop in parasite counts after just one week of treatment. Some patients experienced adverse events, mostly nausea, skin reactions, and muscle and nerve pain. Since benznidazole treatment is typically 60 days long and undesirable side effects are common, shorter courses of the drug may be safer yet still effective. Based on these study findings, DNDi will investigate shorter-course treatments with benznidazole.

The study was the first Phase 2 clinical trial conducted in Bolivia, exemplifying the strengthening and sustaining of research capacity in a resource-limited, developing-country setting. A total of 97% of the enrolled patients completed follow-up at 12 months post-treatment, with only 7 of the 231 patients being lost to follow-up. Important Chagas patient data were collected on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, characterization of the parasite population before and after treatment, and candidate biological markers for evaluation of treatment response.

"The completion of this drug trial was a success story for Chagas patients, doctors, and researchers in Bolivia, demonstrating that excellent clinical testing can be carried out in endemic countries," said Dr Faustino Torrico of Universidad Mayor de San Simon in Cochabamba, Bolivia, and one of the lead investigators. "The data generated were of high quality, and our clinical sites and research teams gained valuable experience and are ready to perform future studies."

"Chagas disease is one of world's most neglected illnesses, and millions of patients continue to be ignored and many needlessly die from the lack of treatment access and options," said Dr Bernard P�coul, Executive Director of DNDi. "We have to take advantage of these important study results to scale up treatment access now, while we maintain momentum in developing safer, more effective, life-saving new treatments for Chagas patients around the world."

Source: Eurekalert

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Colombia's Cali Home to a Very Unique 'Hotel'

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Colombia's Cali Home to a Very Unique 'Hotel'
Nov 16th 2013, 11:09


Working in a posh neighborhood of Cali, Colombia's third largest city, the 55-year-old Diaz pampers her clients, from the time they get off the plane throughout their stay at her clinic.

She looks over them during their post-surgical convalescence, treating them to special diets and massages. A bilingual nurse who speaks English helps out.

"The most important thing is love, affection. We are here to give a little of it to people who need it while they have left their family, their husband, their children, who are also suffering for them on the other side of the world," she told AFP. Many patients get depressed after surgery, she says.

Her calling started off in a personal way. Her daughter, living in the United States, came home for a tummy tuck with liposuction. Mom's tender loving care prompted her to suggest Diaz open up the beauty-oriented hotel.

It now has a dozen rooms, with prices ranging from $55 to $68 a day.

Business is good because Colombia has a tradition as being a good place for plastic surgery. It is the third busiest in the sector in Latin America, after Brazil and Mexico, and ranked 11th in the world.

Every year more than 200,000 plastic surgery operations are carried out in Colombia, or 3.3 percent of the world total, according to the International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS).

One client, a Spanish male nurse aged 39 who asked not to be named, also came for abdominal surgery. He was prompted to do so by a female Colombian friend who talked up Cali. Besides the affordable price, he said, "it is the quality that counts."

Technological Innovation

For Miriam Alvarado, a 53-year-old from Puerto Rico, the decision to undergo surgery in Colombia came after her sister and sister-in-law went under the knife here.

In a matter of two weeks, it was all set: the trip and the operation -- one on her chin, and liposuction.

And oh, what a bargain it was. At home it would have cost her $14,000, but in Cali, it cost less than $4,000.

And the medical facilities seem better to her. "In Puerto Rico there are all kinds of surgeons but the post-op treatment is not as advanced as it is here," Alvarado said.

Another convert is Peter McCabe, a US businessman who lives in Colombia. He had work done on his face, despite warnings from his family not to go through with it.

They said "if you are going to do it, please do it at home," he said.

But after they saw his new face on Skype, many changed their minds and some plan to jump on a plane to Colombia for a bit of tweaking of their own.

But all this is not without risk.

Between three and five percent of patients are not satisfied with the results of their surgery, and that figure jumps to 12 percent for nose work, said Lina Triana, a surgeon in Cali and secretary of ISAPS. She says there are non-qualified people out there offering operations.

But the good ones are in fact really good, she insisted.

"Now it is our colleagues in Europe and the United States who must learn here how to sculpt beautiful bodies," Triana said.

Technological innovation is one of the strong suits of Colombian doctors, who hold a convention every year to show off their techniques.

For instance, Alfonso Riascos unveiled a special method for carrying out a "facial rejuvenation" without leaving telltale scars near the ears, as is often the case.

"I began more or less five years ago with selected patients and now I have 400," he said proudly. A third are foreigners. His trademark is a small and discreet five-centimeter (two-inch) scar on the scalp.

Hotel owner Alba does not expect business to slow down any time soon.

"We have had family groups, with the father, the mother and three children. One of the daughters brought her husband. They love to have company," Diaz said.

Source: AFP

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Democrats Vote for US House Bill Cutting 'Obamacare'

Medindia Health News
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Democrats Vote for US House Bill Cutting 'Obamacare'
Nov 16th 2013, 11:09


But the broad bipartisan vote, even if just a political messaging bill, marked a blow to a president under heavy fire for his largely discredited pledge that all Americans who liked their health plans could keep them.

Added to that is the flawed rollout of the HealthCare.gov website through which millions of Americans are expected to sign up for insurance.

"Today, the House made a big, bipartisan statement about the need to make things right," Speaker John Boehner said in a statement.

"The Keep Your Health Plan Act represents an important step toward providing relief to those who have lost their plans and face much higher premiums, but the real solution is to scrap the president's fundamentally-flawed health care law" altogether, he added.

The controversial measure, which passed 261-157, addresses what has emerged as a major sticking point in the law known as "Obamacare" -- millions being notified that the insurance plans they purchased on the open individual market are being cancelled, apparently because the coverage is sub-standard.

The bill is different from the "fix" proposed by Obama Thursday, which would allow insurers to keep offering such coverage only to those consumers who already are enrolled in the insurance in question.

New consumers would be required to obtain insurance that meets the law's standards. The House measure, however, opens the sub-standard plans to anyone.

Democrat Nick Rahall broke ranks and voted for the bill, saying Americans were disgusted with the "very bad, rotten" rollout of Obamacare.

House and Senate Democrats are offering several fixes of their own, suggesting the unity among Obama and members of his party has begun to fray.

But Rahall downplayed any tension between Obama and congressional members of his party.

"I don't think he should see it as a growing rift between the two but rather as a need to call everybody together to fix the problem," Rahall told reporters.

Senator Mary Landrieu, also a Democrat, is proposing a "permanent" solution that allows consumers with sub-standard plans to keep them for as long as they wish.

But she envisioned that under her bill, those Americans would gradually shift to the more comprehensive plans, whereas the House bill introduced by Republican Fred Upton would essentially kill Obamacare.

House Democratic leader Nancy Pelosi said Upton's bill was a "Trojan horse" that would "essentially pull the plug on the Affordable Care Act."

Source: AFP

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Genes Expressed by the Brain's Immune Cells Identified

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Genes Expressed by the Brain's Immune Cells Identified
Nov 16th 2013, 11:09

Investigators have used a new sequencing method to detect a group of genes used by the immune cells of the brain, which sense pathogens, toxins and damaged cells. Identifying these genes should lead to better understanding of the role of microglia both in normal brains and in neurodegenerative disorders and may lead to new ways to protect against the damage caused by conditions like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The study, which has been published online in Nature Neuroscience, also finds that the activity of microglia appears to become more protective with aging, as opposed to increasingly toxic, which some previous studies had suggested.

 Genes Expressed by the Brain's Immune Cells Identified


"We've been able to define, for the first time, a set of genes microglia use to sense their environment, which we are calling the microglial sensome," says Joseph El Khoury, MD, of the MGH Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases and Division of Infectious Diseases, senior author of the study. "Identifying these genes will allow us to specifically target them in diseases of the central nervous system by developing ways to upregulate or downregulate their expression."

A type of macrophage, microglia are known to constantly survey their environment in order to sense the presence of infection, inflammation, and injured or dying cells. Depending on the situation they encounter, microglia may react in a protective manner - engulfing pathogenic organisms, toxins or damaged cells - or release toxic substances that directly destroy microbes or infected brain cells. Since this neurotoxic response can also damage healthy cells, keeping it under control is essential, and excess neurotoxicity is known to contribute to the damage caused by several neurodegenerative disorders.

El Khoury's team set out to define the transcriptome - the complete set of RNA molecules transcribed by a cell - of the microglia of healthy, adult mice and compared that expression profile to those of macrophages from peripheral tissues of the same animals and of whole brain tissue. Using a technique called direct RNA sequencing, which is more accurate than previous methods, they identified a set of genes uniquely expressed in the microglia and measured their expression levels, the first time such a gene expression 'snapshot' has been produced for any mammalian brain cell, the authors note.

Since aging is known to alter gene expression throughout the brain, the researchers then compared the sensome of young adult mice to that of aged mice. They found that - contrary to what previous studies had suggested - the expression of genes involved in potentially neurotoxic actions, such as destroying neurons, was downregulated as animals aged, while the expression of neuroprotective genes involved in sensing and removing pathogens was increased. El Khoury notes that the earlier studies suggesting increased neurotoxicity with aging did not look at the cells' full expression profile and often were done in cultured cells, not in living animals.

"Establishing the sensome of microglia allows us to clearly understand how they interact with and respond to their environment under normal conditions," he explains. "The next step is to see what happens under pathologic conditions. We know that microglia become more neurotoxic as Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders progress, and recent studies have identified two of the microglial sensome genes as contributing to Alzheimer's risk. Our next steps should be defining the sensome of microglia and other brain cells in humans, identifying how the sensome changes in central nervous system disorders, and eventually finding ways to safely manipulate the sensome pharmacologically."

Source: Eurekalert

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Princess Anne Suggests Compatriots to Eat Horsemeat

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Princess Anne Suggests Compatriots to Eat Horsemeat
Nov 16th 2013, 11:09

Known for her love for horses, Princess Anne suggests her compatriots to eat animals like the French.

Queen Elizabeth II's daughter, a former eventing champion, said farming the creatures for their flesh in Britain could improve their welfare.


"Our attitudes to the horsemeat trade and the value of horsemeat may have to change," Anne said in a speech to the World Horse Welfare charity in London on Thursday.

"If that's true then, that they (producers) value their horses, they look after them well, because they're in the horsemeat trade... should we be considering a real market for horsemeat?

"And would that reduce the number of welfare cases if there was a real value in the horsemeat sector? I chuck that out for what it's worth because I think it needs a debate."

Horsemeat consumption is generally taboo in Britain and Anne's comments come just months after a major European scandal involving horsemeat mislabelled as beef.

British newspapers ran headlines about her comments including "Let Them Eat Horse" -- a reference to the executed French queen Marie Antoinette's reported comment "let them eat cake" when asked about the poor.

Anne, who is 11th in line to the British throne, cited France as an example of a country where horsemeat is popular.

"As I was reminded not so long ago by somebody who travelled in France, the most expensive piece of meat in the local butcher was a fillet of horsemeat," she said.

"We've got to face that. We've got to understand whether that value has also a part to play in how we reduce welfare cases."

Source: AFP

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Man Marries Tree in Argentina

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Man Marries Tree in Argentina
Nov 16th 2013, 11:09

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