Although dental problems can occur in any age group, gum diseases are not very common in children without diabetes but can start very early in life in diabetes. There are recorded cases of children as young as six affected with diabetic gum problems.
What teeth and gum diseases are associated with diabetes?
Cavities: Starches and sugars in food and beverages interact with the bacteria residing in mouth. This interaction produces sticky films or plaques on your teeth. Plaque contains acids that can destroy the enamel (hard outer covering of teeth) leading to cavities. Patients with uncontrolled diabetes have higher blood sugar levels, thus conditions are riper for the evolution of cavities in their case.
Gingivitis: The part of the gum around the base of teeth is called gingiva. Tartar and plaque are irritants of the gingiva. Plaque should be removed by brushing or flossing, else it will harden under the gum line and transform into tartar (calculus). The longer they remain in your mouth, the more they irritate and inflammation of the gingiva ensues. This is called gingivitis. Gums become swollen and bleed easily.
Periodontitis: Untreated gingivitis can lead to a more serious condition that destroys the soft tissue and bone that support your teeth, that is your gum. This condition, called periodontitis, eventually results in loosening of teeth and they may fall off. Diabetic people have poor immunity and cannot efficiently ward off infections like periodontitis. Thus periodontitis tends to be more severe in people with diabetes.
What are the symptoms of diabetic teeth and gum problems?
The symptoms of diabetic include:
Red, swollen and painful gums
Gums that bleed while brushing
Tooth decay
Teeth that loosen and fall off
Can diabetic teeth and gum problems lead to heart disease?
Bacteria from infected gums can flow into the blood stream and reach the heart. The heart muscles, valves or lining of the heart may be attacked by these germs. This results in dangerous inflammation of the heart called endocarditis.
How can people with diabetes maintain dental hygiene?
Brush and floss your teeth regularly, at least twice a day. Flossing at least once a day removes plaques.
Use good quality toothbrushes that have soft nylon bristles with rounded ends.
Have a dental check up every six months.
Abstain from smoking
Maintain healthy blood sugar levels. Consult your physician and have your blood sugar levels monitored regularly.
Limit intake of starchy and sugary foods because they harm your teeth and gums.
Identify signs of gum problems (redness, swelling, pain, or bleeding) and report to a dentist.
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